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Case

SQLJoinMethod.outer

An outer join not otherwise specified.
case outer

Discussion

Although this expression does generate OUTER JOIN for this case, this is not a valid join in most dialects. It is therefore deprecated and should not be used. Users who need it can use SQLRaw("OUTER JOIN") instead.

Note

Presumably, the original intention of this case was to allow expressing a FULL JOIN or FULL OUTER JOIN, which is simply a combination of the effects of a left and right join.